According to Krzysztof Lis, off-grid heating consists of good thermal insulation that will save as much heat as possible, utilizing solar heat gains whenever reasonable, and an additional heat source like electric heating powered by a wind turbine or wood stove fueled with wood chips produced on site. And off-grid cooling can be maintained with evaporative cooling, ground coupled heat exchanger (earth tubes / earth-air heat exchanger — for cooling incoming air, that will reduce cooling requirements, but will not be enough to substitute traditional air conditioner) and an absorption chiller.

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